{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#imports\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from pressure_conversion import pressure_conversion"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#define constants\n",
    "\n",
    "g       = 9.81              # gravitational acceleration [m/s²]\n",
    "\n",
    "L       = 1000              # length of pipeline [m]\n",
    "rho     = 1000              # density of water [kg/m³]\n",
    "D       = 1                 # pipe diameter [m]\n",
    "Q0      = 2                 # initial flow in whole pipe [m³/s]\n",
    "h       = 20                # water level in upstream reservoir [m]\n",
    "n       = 10                # number of pipe segments in discretization\n",
    "nt      = 500              # number of time steps after initial conditions\n",
    "f_D     = 0.01              # Darcy friction factor\n",
    "c       = 400               # propagation velocity of the pressure wave [m/s]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# preparing the discretization and initial conditions\n",
    "\n",
    "dx      = L/n                       # length of each pipe segment\n",
    "dt      = dx/c                      # timestep according to method of characterisitics\n",
    "nn      = n+1                       # number of nodes\n",
    "pl_vec  = np.arange(0,nn*dx,dx)     # pl = pipe-length. position of the nodes on the pipeline\n",
    "t_vec   = np.arange(0,nt*dt,dt) # time vector\n",
    "\n",
    "v0 = Q0/(D**2/4*np.pi)\n",
    "p0 = (rho*g*h-v0**2*rho/2)\n",
    "\n",
    "# storage vectors for old parameters\n",
    "v_old = np.full(nn,v0)\n",
    "p_old = p0-(f_D*pl_vec/D*rho/2*v0**2)   # ref Wikipedia: Darcy Weisbach\n",
    "\n",
    "# storage vectors for new parameters\n",
    "v_new = np.zeros_like(v_old)\n",
    "p_new = np.zeros_like(p_old)\n",
    "\n",
    "# storage vector for time evolution of parameters at node 1 (at reservoir)\n",
    "p_1 = np.zeros_like(t_vec)\n",
    "v_1 = np.zeros_like(t_vec)\n",
    "\n",
    "# storage vector for time evolution of parameters at node N+1 (at valve)\n",
    "p_np1 = np.full_like(t_vec,p0)\n",
    "v_np1 = np.full_like(t_vec,v0)\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%matplotlib qt\n",
    "# plotting preparation\n",
    "\n",
    "fig1,axs1 = plt.subplots(2,1)\n",
    "axs1[0].set_title('Pressure distribution in pipeline')\n",
    "axs1[1].set_title('Velocity distribution in pipeline')\n",
    "\n",
    "lo_00, = axs1[0].plot(pl_vec,p_old,marker='.')\n",
    "lo_01, = axs1[1].plot(pl_vec,v_old,marker='.')\n",
    "axs1[0].set_ylim([-20*p0,20*p0])\n",
    "axs1[1].set_ylim([-2*v0,2*v0])\n",
    "fig1.tight_layout()\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for it in range(1,nt):\n",
    "\n",
    "    # set boundary conditions\n",
    "    v_new[-1]   = 0       # in front of the instantaneously closing valve, the velocity is 0\n",
    "    p_new[0]    = p0      # hydrostatic pressure from the reservoir\n",
    "\n",
    "    # calculate the new parameters at first and last node\n",
    "    v_new[0]    = v_old[1]+1/(rho*c)*(p0-p_old[1])-f_D*dt/(2*D)*abs(v_old[1])*v_old[1]\n",
    "    p_new[-1]   = p_old[-2]+rho*c*v_old[-2]-rho*c*f_D*dt/(2*D) *abs(v_old[-2])*v_old[-2]\n",
    "\n",
    "    # calculate parameters at second to second-to-last nodes \n",
    "    #equation 2-30 plus 2-31 (and refactor for v_i^j+1) in block 2\n",
    "\n",
    "    for i in range(1,nn-1):\n",
    "        v_new[i] = 0.5*(v_old[i-1]+v_old[i+1])+0.5/(rho*c)*(p_old[i-1]-p_old[i+1]) \\\n",
    "            -f_D*dt/(4*D)*(abs(v_old[i-1])*v_old[i-1]+abs(v_old[i+1])*v_old[i+1])\n",
    "\n",
    "        p_new[i] = 0.5*rho*c*(v_old[i-1]-v_old[i+1])+0.5*(p_old[i-1]+p_old[i+1]) \\\n",
    "            -rho*c*f_D*dt/(4*D)*(abs(v_old[i-1])*v_old[i-1]-abs(v_old[i+1])*v_old[i+1])\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "    # prepare for next loop\n",
    "    # use .copy() to avoid that memory address is overwritten and hell breaks loose :D\n",
    "        #https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/array-copying-in-python/\n",
    "    p_old = p_new.copy()\n",
    "    v_old = v_new.copy()\n",
    "\n",
    "    lo_00.set_ydata(p_new)\n",
    "    lo_01.set_ydata(v_new)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    fig1.suptitle(str(it))\n",
    "    fig1.canvas.draw()\n",
    "    fig1.tight_layout()\n",
    "    plt.pause(0.001)\n",
    "\n",
    "    # store parameters of node 1 (at reservoir)\n",
    "    p_1[it] = p_new[0]\n",
    "    v_1[it] = v_new[0]\n",
    "    # store parameters of node N+1 (at reservoir)\n",
    "    p_np1[it] = p_new[-1]\n",
    "    v_np1[it] = v_new[-1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig2,axs2 = plt.subplots(2,2)\n",
    "axs2[0,0].plot(t_vec,p_1)\n",
    "axs2[0,1].plot(t_vec,v_1)\n",
    "axs2[1,0].plot(t_vec,p_np1)\n",
    "axs2[1,1].plot(t_vec,v_np1)\n",
    "axs2[0,0].set_title('Pressure Reservoir')\n",
    "axs2[0,1].set_title('Velocity Reservoir')\n",
    "axs2[1,0].set_title('Pressure Turbine')\n",
    "axs2[1,1].set_title('Velocity Turbine')\n",
    "fig2.tight_layout()\n",
    "plt.show()"
   ]
  }
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